The Competency Ladder

The Competency Ladder, also known as the Four Stages of Competence model, outlines the process by which individuals progress from incompetence to competence in a new skill. This framework provides…

Comfort Zone

The concept of the "comfort zone" represents a psychological state in which an individual feels familiar, safe, and secure. It's a metaphorical space where activities and behaviors fit a routine…

The Dunning-Kruger effect

The Dunning-Kruger effect, identified by social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger in 1999, illuminates a paradoxical cognitive bias where individuals with limited knowledge or competence in a domain overestimate…

The Forgetting Curve

The Forgetting Curve, a concept pioneered by the German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, illustrates the decline of memory retention over time. This groundbreaking research shed light…